High turnover of early childhood education teachers is a challenge to the quality of education. This situation compels leaders to focus on retaining teachers to ensure the sustainability of early childhood education institutions. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the turnover and retention rates of early childhood education teachers in the Magelang Region. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method through a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to early childhood education respondents in the Magelang Region using a simple random sampling technique. This study was analyzed using descriptive analysis, namely analyzing the average, number, and percentage. The results of the study indicate that the factors that influence the rate of teacher turnover are the work environment, suitability to work, culture, and community; compensation and benefits; leadership; work management system; and mentoring and support from colleagues. These findings suggest that school policies should focus on specific factors in the teachers' work environment by creating a fun, calming, and prosperous atmosphere to help reduce the impact of high teacher turnover and improve retention in early childhood education.
Downloads
- Arthur, L., & Bradley, S. (2023). Teacher retention in challenging schools: Please don’t say goodbye!. Teachers and Teaching, 29(7-8), 753-771. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2023.2201423
- Atika, A. N., & Yulianti, N. (2023). Pengendalian Turover Intention Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Melalui Penguatan Komitmen Organisasional. AWLADY: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 9(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v9i2.14712
- Burkholder, D. T. (2022). An Action Research Study of Teacher Retention and Strategies to Mitigate Teacher Attrition in Early Childhood Education. University of Dayton.
- Colson, T. L., & Satterfield, C. (2018). The effects of strategic compensation on teacher retention. Power and Education, 10(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757743818758782
- Denham, S. A., & Liverette, K. H. (2019). The emotional basis of learning and development in early childhood education. In Handbook of research on the education of young children (pp. 43-64). Routledge.
- DeMatthews, D. E., Knight, D. S., & Shin, J. (2022). The principal-teacher churn: Understanding the relationship between leadership turnover and teacher attrition. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(1), 76-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X211051974
- Durlak, J. A., Mahoney, J. L., & Boyle, A. E. (2022). What we know, and what we need to find out about universal, school-based social and emotional learning programs for children and adolescents: A review of meta-analyses and directions for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 148(11-12), 765. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2023-55252-001
- Ekaningtyas, N. L. D. (2020). Teacher’s Method in Stimulating Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 8(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v8i1.23982
- Fomba, B. K., Talla, D. N. D. F., & Ningaye, P. (2023). Institutional quality and education quality in developing countries: Effects and transmission channels. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(1), 86-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00869-9
- Grant, A. A., Jeon, L., & Buettner, C. K. (2019). Relating early childhood teachers’ working conditions and well-being to their turnover intentions. Educational Psychology, 39(3), 294-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1543856
- Hayati, M., Yubaedi Siron, & Hermawati, E. (2021). Strategi Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam Melibatkan Guru Laki-Laki. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.14421/jga.2021.61-02
- Heilala, C., Kalland, M., Lundkvist, M., Forsius, M., Vincze, L., & Santavirta, N. (2022). Work demands and work resources: Testing a model of factors predicting turnover intentions in early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 50(3), 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01166-5
- Ingersoll, R. M., & Tran, H. (2023). Teacher shortages and turnover in rural schools in the US: An organizational analysis. Educational Administration Quarterly, 59(2), 396-431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X231159922
- Kagan, S. L., & Roth, J. L. (2017). Transforming early childhood systems for future generations: Obligations and opportunities. International Journal of Early Childhood, 49(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-017-0194-4
- Kelchtermans, G. (2017). ‘Should I stay or should I go?’: unpacking teacher attrition/retention as an educational issue. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 23(8), 961–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2017.1379793
- Kirk, G., & Jay, J. (2018). Supporting kindergarten children’s social and emotional development: Examining the synergetic role of environments, play, and relationships. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(4), 472-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1495671
- Koc, N., & Celik, B. (2015). The impact of number of students per teacher on student achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177, 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.335
- Markowitz, A. J. (2024). Within-Year Teacher Turnover in Head Start and Children’s School Readiness. AERA Open, 10(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584241245094
- Masood, H. (2024). Helping early childhood educators thrive: insights from human resource management. Qualitative Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-07-2024-0167
- Mastorci, F., Lazzeri, M. F. L., Vassalle, C., & Pingitore, A. (2024). The transition from childhood to adolescence: Between health and vulnerability. Children, 11(8), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11080989
- Meyer, M. S., Shen, Y., & Plucker, J. A. (2024). Reducing excellence gaps: A systematic review of research on equity in advanced education. Review of Educational Research, 94(1), 33-72. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543221148461
- Mugizi, W., Tumuhaiseand, G., Samanya, B., & Dafiewhare, A. O. (2019). Leadership Styles and Retention of Teachers in Private Primary Schools in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Uganda. Open Journal of Leadership, 08(04), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2019.84009
- Putri, S., & Edwarman, E. (2023). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Guru PAUD Kabupaten Seluma. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(1), 971-982. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v11i1.2123
- Ratnasari, A., & Robandi, B. (2022). Sajuta: Persepsi Kesejahteraan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Mempertahankan Profesi. Jurnal Ilmiah Telaah, 7(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.31764/telaah.v7i2.8658
- Räsänen, K., Pietarinen, J., Pyhältö, K., Soini, T., & Väisänen, P. (2020). Why leave the teaching profession? A longitudinal approach to the prevalence and persistence of teacher turnover intentions. Social Psychology of Education, 23(4), 837-859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09567-x
- Richter, L. M., Daelmans, B., Lombardi, J., Heymann, J., Boo, F. L., Behrman, J. R., ... & Darmstadt, G. L. (2017). Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development. The lancet, 389(10064), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31698-1
- Rusilowati, U., & Wahyudi, W. (2020). The significance of educator certification in developing pedagogy, personality, social and professional competencies. In 2nd Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2019) (pp. 446-451). Atlantis Press.
- Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2020). A literature review on teachers’ job satisfaction in developing countries: Recommendations and solutions for the enhancement of the job. Review of Education, 8(1), 3-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3159
- Schaack, D. D., Donovan, C. V., Adejumo, T., & Ortega, M. (2022). To stay or to leave: Factors shaping early childhood teachers’ turnover and retention decisions. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 36(2), 327-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2021.1955779
- Schwartz, K., Cappella, E., Aber, J. L., Scott, M. A., Wolf, S., & Behrman, J. R. (2019). Early childhood teachers’ lives in context: Implications for professional development in under‐resourced areas. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(3-4), 270-285. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12325
- Shuls, J. V., & Flores, J. M. (2020). Improving teacher retention through support and development. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 4(1), n1. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1282763
- Simon, N., & Johnson, S. M. (2015). Teacher turnover in high-poverty schools: What we know and can do. Teachers College Record, 117(3), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700305
- Steinert, Y., O’Sullivan, P. S., & Irby, D. M. (2019). Strengthening teachers’ professional identities through faculty development. Academic Medicine, 94(7), 963-968. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002695
- Vikaraman, S. S., Mansor, A. N., & Hamzah, M. I. M. (2017). Mentoring and coaching practices for beginner teachers—A need for mentor coaching skills training and principal’s support. Creative Education, 8(01), 156. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2017.81013
- Yang, X., Abdul Rahman, M. N., & Sun, Y. (2025). The impact of teachers’ qualifications on development outcomes in early childhood: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Early Years Education, 33(2), 426-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2025.2451301
- Yao, J., Han, X., Qiu, X., Pi, W., Wang, A., Meng, X., & Wei, L. (2023). 'Keeping up with the times'. Core competencies of excellent primary and secondary school teachers in the internet plus era: a qualitative study on teacher education in China. Teaching and Teacher Education, 126, 104074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104074
- Zavelevsky, E., & Lishchinsky, O. S. (2020). An ecological perspective of teacher retention: An emergent model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 88, 102965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102965
- Zhang, L., Yu, S., & Liu, H. (2019). Understanding teachers’ motivation for and commitment to teaching: profiles of Chinese early career, early childhood teachers. Teachers and Teaching, 25(7), 890-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2019.1670155
Copyright (c) 2025 Reni Windi Minarsih, Lilis Madyawati, Khusnul Laely

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Liana Novita Sari, Khusnul Laely, Febru Puji Astuti, The Implementation of Inclusive Education in Early Childhood Education: Challenges and Solutions , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
Similar Articles
- Panji Panji, Muh. Adnan Hudain, Arimbi Arimbi, Modified Tug-of-War Training as a Pedagogical Tool for Volleyball Serve Development in Secondary Physical Education , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): September - December
- Anisah Aah Marfuah, Zulfikar Zulfikar, Implementation of Green Therapy in Inclusive Education at Nature Schools , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
- Wardi Wardi, Hasbi Hasbi, Bustanul Iman RN, Co-Curricular Model Design in Overcoming Bullying Practices in Phase F Students in Senior High School , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): September
- Hasmyati Hasmyati, Nur Indah Atifah Anwar, Muhammad Akbar Syafruddin, Alimin Hamzah, Educational Video-Based Play Methods in Physical Education Learning: Social Emotional of Children with Special Needs , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): September
- Nanda Khairiyah, Phenomenological Analysis of Civic Engagement Education Transformation in Indonesia's Post-Covid-19 Democracy System , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): June
- Fadli Firdaus, Mia Syafrina, Religious Education and Digital Ethics Awareness Against Doxing: A Quantitative Study of University Students in Indonesia , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): September
- Gracesika Datu Mangontan, Rahma M, Nurlina Syahrir, Sipanundu' Madandan Traditional School as a Cultural Education Space for Preserving Local Wisdom , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): September
- Vionisa Gassa Langan, Hasanah Nur, Muh. Ma'ruf Idris, Industrial Practice and Communication Skills: Work Readiness of Electronic Engineering Education Students , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): September
- Abidoye James Alabi, Akeem Tunde Adelekan, Gbenga Olotu, Transforming Social Studies Pedagogy: Artificial Intelligence-Based tool and Students’ Academic Performance in Ondo State, Nigeria , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): December
- Neliana Neliana, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Badaruddin Kaddas, Experiencing Citizenship: How Immersive Pedagogies Transform Student Interest and Academic Achievement in Pancasila Education , ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review : Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): September
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.


















