The Implementation of Principal Supervision in Building Teacher Performance in Elementary Schools

Authors

  • Hafia Lisda Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka
  • Abd. Rahman A Ghani Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka
  • Arum Fatayan Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v4i4.3887

Keywords:

Academic Supervision, Discrepancy Evaluation Model, Principal, Teacher Performance

Abstract

This study intends to assess how the principal implements academic supervision to enhance teacher performance in elementary schools. The primary objective of this study is to provide recommendations to schools regarding the implementation of supervision, whether there are aspects that need to be stopped, improved, or continued without changes. Secondary objectives include evaluation of the design, installation, process, and product of the supervision implementation. This study uses an evaluative approach with the Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM), which emphasizes identifying gaps between standards (Standard/S) and actual performance (Performance/P) in each implementation stage. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. In this study, the research subjects were the principal, vice principal, 18 teachers, 30 students, and 6 school committee members. The evaluation results show that at the design stage of supervision there are still gaps between standards and performance, especially in the systematic and realistic aspects, so that it is in the "Good" category. The installation stage, implementation process, and supervision product all demonstrate full conformity between standards and performance, resulting in a "Very Good" rating. Overall, the implementation of supervision is in the "Good" category.

References

Baraz, A., & Montasari, R. (2023). Law enforcement and the policing of cyberspace. In Digital transformation in policing: The promise, perils and solutions (pp. 59-83). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09691-4_4

Bellibaş, M. Ş., Gümüş, S., & Liu, Y. (2021). Does school leadership matter for teachers’ classroom practice? The influence of instructional leadership and distributed leadership on instructional quality. School effectiveness and school improvement, 32(3), 387-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2020.1858119

Cox, J. S., & Mullen, C. A. (2023). Impacting student achievement: Principals’ instructional leadership practice in two Title I rural schools. Journal of School Leadership, 33(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/10526846221133996

Fatayan, A., Hanafı, İ., Sarı, E., & Ghanı, A. R. A. (2019). The Implementation of School Based Management: School Committee Involvement in Islamic Schools. International E-Journal of Educational Studies, 4(7), 106-110.

Ghani, A. R. A., Fatayan, A., Azhar, N. C., & Ayu, S. (2022). Evaluation of technology-based learning in an Islamic school. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 20(3), 190-195.

Granatuma, H. F., & Fatayan, A. (2022). Analisis Prestasi Peserta Didik Dilihat dari Sistem Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar Islam. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(3), 4598–4504. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.2828

Grimmett, P. P., & Crehan, E. P. (2014). The nature of collegiality in teacher development: The case of clinical supervision. In Teacher development and educational change (pp. 56-85). Routledge.

Grissom, J. A., Blissett, R. S., & Mitani, H. (2018). Evaluating school principals: Supervisor ratings of principal practice and principal job performance. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 40(3), 446-472. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373718783883

Handayani, A., Sudadi, S., & Baitaputra, M. H. (2024). The Effectiveness of the Cogan, Goldhammer, and Glickman Clinical Supervision Approach: An Adaptive Study for the Development of Teachers' Professional Competence in Elementary Schools. Idarotuna: Journal of Administrative Science, 5(2), 196-210. https://ejournal.akts.ac.id/index.php/idarotuna/article/view/112

He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teacher’s professional development. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0

Keiler, L. S. (2018). Teachers’ roles and identities in student-centered classrooms. International journal of STEM education, 5(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0131-6

Kyriakides, L., Christoforidou, M., Panayiotou, A., & Creemers, B. P. M. (2017). The impact of a three-year teacher professional development course on quality of teaching: Strengths and limitations of the dynamic approach. European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(4), 465-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2017.1349093

Maritasari, D. B., Setyosari, P., Kuswandi, D., & Praherdhiono, H. (2020). The effect of training and supervision on teacher performance through teacher competence as a mediating variable in primary schools. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11), 105-112.

McGhee, M., & Stark, M. (2018). Promoting collegial teacher supervision: applying solution-focused strategies in a clinical supervision cycle. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 21(6), 726-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2018.1463458

Meyers, C. V., & Hambrick Hitt, D. (2017). School turnaround principals: What does initial research literature suggest they are doing to be successful?. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 22(1), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2016.1242070

Noor, I. H., & Sofyaningrum, E. (2020). The academic supervision of the school principal: a case in indonesia. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(4), 81-81.

Nurhasyim, N., Arafat, Y., & Wardiah, D. (2021). The effect of principal supervision competence and teacher motivation on teacher performance in primary schools. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 6(2), 581-585. https://ipv6.jurnal.iicet.org/index.php/jpgi/article/view/1092

Pak, K., Polikoff, M. S., Desimone, L. M., & Saldívar García, E. (2020). The adaptive challenges of curriculum implementation: Insights for educational leaders driving standards-based reform. Aera Open, 6(2), 2332858420932828. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420932828

Pan, H. L. W., & Chen, W. Y. (2021). How principal leadership facilitates teacher learning through teacher leadership: Determining the critical path. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(3), 454-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220913553

Pervin, M. M., Ferdowsh, N., & Munni, I. J. (2021). Teacher-student interactions and academic performance of students. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(1), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v30i1.51812

Pianta, R. C. (2017). Teacher-student interactions: Measurement, impacts, improvement, and policy. In Teachers, teaching, and reform (pp. 75-93). Routledge.

Prasojo, L. D., & Yuliana, L. (2021). How is social media used by indonesian school principals for instructional leadership? Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.32925

Pratikno, Y., Hermawan, E., & Arifin, A. L. (2022). Human resource ‘Kurikulum Merdeka’from design to implementation in the school: What worked and what not in Indonesian education. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(1), 326-343. https://journal.iaimnumetrolampung.ac.id/index.php/ji/article/view/1708

Rogers, L. K. (2022). Is role change enough? District organizational supports for principal supervision. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(4), 527-560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X221081828

Rusnati, I., Gaffar, M. F., Komariah, A., Suhardan, D., & Mulyani, S. (2021). Persepsi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Sistem Digitalisasi Pengelolaan Sekolah Dasar Di Sd El Fitra. Jurnal Al Burhan Staidah, 1(2), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.58988/jab.v1i2.41

Saleh, M., & Mutiani, M. (2021). The Role of the Principal in Increasing Teacher Performance Through Periodic Academic Supervision. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 1135-1141. http://journal.staihubbulwathan.id/index.php/alishlah/article/view/889

Setiawan, D., & Barkah, A. (2022). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Motivasi Pasien Pasca Stroke dalam Melakukan Latihan Fisioterapi di RS. Sukmul Sisma Medika Jakarta Utara Tahun 2022. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(3), 1707–1715.

Shernoff, D. J., Sinha, S., Bressler, D. M., & Ginsburg, L. (2017). Assessing teacher education and professional development needs for the implementation of integrated approaches to STEM education. International journal of STEM education, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-017-0068-1

Sunaryo, Y. S. (2020). Academic supervision of school principals and teacher performance: A literature review. International Journal Pedagogy of Social Studies, 5(2), 17-34.

Tanjung, R., Hanafiah, H., Arifudin, O., & Mulyadi, D. (2022). Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru. Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.56436/jer.v1i1.16

Thessin, R. A. (2023). Engaging in joint work with principals: How principal supervisors’ joint facilitation of teams contributes to principals’ practice development. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 22(1), 238-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2021.1939389

Ting, Y. K., & Chuang, N. C. (2024). Exploring the Relationship Between Principal Positive Instructional Supervision and Teacher Teaching Effectiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2024.2324036

Ubogu, R. (2024). Supervision of instruction: a strategy for strengthening teacher quality in secondary school education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 27(1), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1829711

Downloads

Published

2025-09-27

How to Cite

Lisda, H., Ghani, A. R. A., & Fatayan, A. (2025). The Implementation of Principal Supervision in Building Teacher Performance in Elementary Schools . ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 4(4), 1565–1575. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v4i4.3887

Issue

Section

Articles