Physical and Cognitive Predictors of Badminton Short Serve Mastery in High School

Nur Najemunnisa 1 Indonesia , Ahmad Adil 1 Indonesia , Andi Ridwan 1 Indonesia
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport, Universitas Negeri Makassar
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Published 2026-07-05
Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026) PAGES 2212-2222
DOI 10.51574/ijrer.v5i4.4706
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Mastery of open-motor skills like the badminton short serve is often hindered by an incomplete understanding of cognitive-motor interactions. This study evaluated physical (arm muscle strength, X1; hand–eye coordination, X2) and cognitive (concentration, Y) predictors of badminton short serve mastery (Z) among high school student-athletes (N=25, aged 15–17), positioning concentration as a mediator. Utilizing a quantitative explanatory correlational design, data were collected via validated field tests and analyzed using path analysis. The empirical model accounted for 58.8% of the total variance in serving proficiency. Arm muscle strength acted as a dominant predictor, exerting significant direct effects on concentration (beta = 0.514, p < 0.05) and short serve mastery (beta = 0.421, p < 0.05). Sobel tests confirmed that concentration significantly and partially mediated the relationship between arm strength and serving performance (Z = 1.978, p = 0.047), amplifying the total integrative effect to 0.659, alongside its own direct impact on mastery (beta = 0.463, p < 0.05). Conversely, hand–eye coordination yielded no significant direct or indirect effects (p > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that technical mastery relies on both biomechanical readiness and cognitive control, where upper-body strength underpins the cognitive stability required for precise execution. Consequently, sports pedagogy should integrate targeted physical conditioning with structured cognitive training.

Najemunnisa, N., Adil, A., & Ridwan, A. (2026). Physical and Cognitive Predictors of Badminton Short Serve Mastery in High School. ETDC: Indonesian Journal of Research and Educational Review , 5(4), 2212–2222. https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v5i4.4706
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Badminton Cognitive Predictors High School Students Physical Predictors Short Serve Mastery